Narration এর সব নিয়ম একসাথে | Sentence ও Passage Narration বিস্তারিত

 

🔶 Narration কী?

Narration হলো এমন একটি প্রক্রিয়া যার মাধ্যমে একজন বক্তার কথা সরাসরি (Direct Speech) অথবা নিজের ভাষায় (Indirect Speech) প্রকাশ করা হয়।

👉 অর্থাৎ, কারো কথা উদ্ধৃতি চিহ্নসহ বললে তা Direct, আর উদ্ধৃতি ছাড়া নিজের ভাষায় বললে তা Indirect।

🔷 Narration এর প্রকারভেদ

Narration প্রধানত ২ প্রকার:

1. Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি)

👉 বক্তার কথা হুবহু বলা হয়।

Structure:

Subject + Reporting Verb + “Speech”

উদাহরণ:

Karim said, “I am reading.”

She said, “I will help you.”

2. Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)

👉 বক্তার কথা নিজের ভাষায় প্রকাশ করা হয়।

Structure:

Subject + Reporting Verb + that/if/whether + clause

উদাহরণ:

Karim said that he was reading.

She said that she would help me.

🔶 Narration পরিবর্তনের বিস্তারিত নিয়ম

1. Pronoun পরিবর্তন (Person Change)

👉 Pronoun ৩টি Rule অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়:

(a) First Person → Subject অনুযায়ী

I → he/she

we → they

উদাহরণ:

He said, “I am happy.”

→ He said that he was happy.

(b) Second Person → Object অনুযায়ী

you → me/us/him/her

উদাহরণ:

He said, “You are my friend.”

→ He said that I was his friend.

(c) Third Person → অপরিবর্তিত

he, she, they → একই থাকে

2. Tense পরিবর্তন (Backshift Rule)

👉 Reporting verb যদি past হয়, তাহলে tense পরিবর্তন হবে।

Direct Indirect

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Past Indefinite Past Perfect

will would

can could

উদাহরণ:

He said, “I am eating.”

→ He said that he was eating.

She said, “I have finished.”

→ She said that she had finished.

3. Time & Place পরিবর্তন

Direct Indirect

now then

today that day

yesterday the previous day

tomorrow the next day

here there

4. Reporting Verb পরিবর্তন

👉 Sentence অনুযায়ী verb পরিবর্তন হয়।

🔷 Sentence অনুযায়ী Narration

1. Assertive Sentence

👉 সাধারণ বাক্য

নিয়ম:

said → said that

tense ও pronoun পরিবর্তন

উদাহরণ:

He said, “I like tea.”

→ He said that he liked tea.

She said, “I am busy.”

→ She said that she was busy.

2. Interrogative Sentence

👉 প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য

নিয়ম:

said → asked

Yes/No → if/whether

WH question → WH word থাকবে

sentence assertive হবে

উদাহরণ:

He said, “Do you play?”

→ He asked if I played.

She said, “Why are you late?”

→ She asked why I was late.

3. Imperative Sentence

👉 আদেশ, অনুরোধ, উপদেশ

নিয়ম:

said → told/ordered/requested/advised

to + verb

negative হলে → not to

উদাহরণ:

He said, “Close the door.”

→ He told me to close the door.

She said, “Do not waste time.”

→ She advised me not to waste time.

4. Exclamatory Sentence

👉 আবেগ প্রকাশ করে

নিয়ম:

said → exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise

what/how বাদ

very ব্যবহার

উদাহরণ:

He said, “What a nice day!”

→ He exclaimed that it was a very nice day.

She said, “Alas! I am ruined.”

→ She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined.

5. Optative Sentence

👉 প্রার্থনা, আশীর্বাদ

নিয়ম:

said → prayed/wished

may → might

উদাহরণ:

He said, “May you succeed.”

→ He prayed that I might succeed.

She said, “May Allah help you.”

→ She prayed that Allah might help me.

🔶 Special Rules (খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ)

1. Universal Truth হলে tense change হয় না

He said, “The sun rises in the east.”

→ He said that the sun rises in the east.

2. Reporting verb present হলে tense change হয় না

He says, “I am happy.”

→ He says that he is happy.

3. Must / Should / Could → অপরিবর্তিত থাকতে পারে

🔷 Passage Narration (Paragraph)

👉 একাধিক sentence একসাথে পরিবর্তন করা।

Passage Narration করার ধাপ

Step 1: Reporting verb ঠিক করা

প্রথম sentence অনুযায়ী verb নির্বাচন

Step 2: Sentence type চিহ্নিত করা

Assertive

Interrogative

Imperative

Step 3: Pronoun ও tense একভাবে পরিবর্তন

Step 4: Connector ব্যবহার

and

then

that

if

because

উদাহরণ 1

Direct:

Rafiq said, “I am tired. Why are you shouting? Close the window.”

Indirect:

Rafiq said that he was tired and asked why I was shouting. He told me to close the window.

উদাহরণ 2

Direct:

The teacher said, “Do your homework. Do not waste time. Can you understand?”

Indirect:

The teacher told us to do our homework and advised us not to waste time. He asked if we could understand.

উদাহরণ 3

Direct:

He said, “I am happy today. We will go tomorrow.”

Indirect:

He said that he was happy that day and added that they would go the next day.

🔶 Passage Narration করার গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Tips

✅ একই subject হলে বারবার ব্যবহার না করে connector ব্যবহার করো

✅ sentence mix করে লিখো

✅ tense consistency বজায় রাখো

✅ pronoun ভুল করো না

✅ punctuation বাদ দাও

🔷 উপসংহার

Narration ইংরেজি Grammar-এর একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। এতে শুধু sentence পরিবর্তন নয়, বরং logic + grammar + practice—এই তিনটি বিষয় একসাথে কাজ করে।

👉 তুমি যদি নিয়মগুলো বুঝে প্রতিদিন practice করো, তাহলে Narration তোমার জন্য সবচেয়ে সহজ topic হয়ে যাবে।

Learn Through Practice 

🔷 1. Assertive Sentence

He said, “I am happy.”

→ He said that he was happy.

She said, “I like tea.”

→ She said that she liked tea.

Karim said, “I go to school.”

→ Karim said that he went to school.

He said, “I am reading a book.”

→ He said that he was reading a book.

She said, “I have finished my work.”

→ She said that she had finished her work.

He said, “I saw the bird.”

→ He said that he had seen the bird.

They said, “We will play.”

→ They said that they would play.

He said, “I can swim.”

→ He said that he could swim.

She said, “I may go.”

→ She said that she might go.

He said, “I must study.”

→ He said that he had to study.

Rahim said, “I bought a pen.”

→ Rahim said that he had bought a pen.

He said, “I am writing.”

→ He said that he was writing.

She said, “I was sick.”

→ She said that she had been sick.

He said, “I will come.”

→ He said that he would come.

They said, “We are playing.”

→ They said that they were playing.

He said, “I do my duty.”

→ He said that he did his duty.

She said, “I love my country.”

→ She said that she loved her country.

He said, “I have a car.”

→ He said that he had a car.

They said, “We were late.”

→ They said that they had been late.

He said, “I am learning English.”

→ He said that he was learning English.

🔷 2. Interrogative Sentence

He said, “Do you play?”

→ He asked if I played.

She said, “Are you happy?”

→ She asked if I was happy.

He said, “Have you done it?”

→ He asked if I had done it.

She said, “Will you come?”

→ She asked if I would come.

He said, “Can you help me?”

→ He asked if I could help him.

She said, “Did you see him?”

→ She asked if I had seen him.

He said, “Why are you late?”

→ He asked why I was late.

She said, “Where do you live?”

→ She asked where I lived.

He said, “When will you go?”

→ He asked when I would go.

She said, “How are you?”

→ She asked how I was.

He said, “What are you doing?”

→ He asked what I was doing.

She said, “Who are you?”

→ She asked who I was.

He said, “Which book do you want?”

→ He asked which book I wanted.

She said, “How much do you need?”

→ She asked how much I needed.

He said, “Whose pen is this?”

→ He asked whose pen that was.

She said, “Where were you?”

→ She asked where I had been.

He said, “Why did you come?”

→ He asked why I had come.

She said, “Do you like tea?”

→ She asked if I liked tea.

He said, “Is it raining?”

→ He asked if it was raining.

She said, “Have you finished?”

→ She asked if I had finished.

🔷 3. Imperative Sentence 

He said, “Open the door.”

→ He told me to open the door.

She said, “Close the window.”

→ She told me to close the window.

He said, “Do your work.”

→ He advised me to do my work.

She said, “Help me.”

→ She requested me to help her.

He said, “Come here.”

→ He told me to go there.

She said, “Sit down.”

→ She told me to sit down.

He said, “Stand up.”

→ He told me to stand up.

She said, “Be careful.”

→ She advised me to be careful.

He said, “Work hard.”

→ He advised me to work hard.

She said, “Do not run.”

→ She advised me not to run.

He said, “Do not waste time.”

→ He advised me not to waste time.

She said, “Please help me.”

→ She requested me to help her.

He said, “Bring water.”

→ He told me to bring water.

She said, “Call him.”

→ She told me to call him.

He said, “Wait here.”

→ He told me to wait there.

She said, “Don’t shout.”

→ She told me not to shout.

He said, “Finish it.”

→ He told me to finish it.

She said, “Listen to me.”

→ She told me to listen to her.

He said, “Write a letter.”

→ He told me to write a letter.

She said, “Take rest.”

→ She advised me to take rest.

🔷 4. Exclamatory Sentence 

He said, “Hurrah! We won.”

→ He exclaimed with joy that they had won.

She said, “Alas! I am lost.”

→ She exclaimed with sorrow that she was lost.

He said, “What a beautiful day!”

→ He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful day.

She said, “How nice the flower is!”

→ She exclaimed that the flower was very nice.

He said, “What a pity!”

→ He exclaimed with sorrow that it was a great pity.

🔷 5. Optative Sentence 

He said, “May you live long.”

→ He prayed that I might live long.

She said, “May Allah bless you.”

→ She prayed that Allah might bless me.

He said, “May you succeed.”

→ He prayed that I might succeed.

She said, “May you be happy.”

→ She wished that I might be happy.

He said, “May God help you.”

→ He prayed that God might help me.

🔷 Passage Narration (Board Style – ১০টি)

1.

Direct:

He said, “I am tired. Where are you going? Open the door.”

Indirect:

He said that he was tired and asked where I was going. He told me to open the door.

2.

Direct:

Rahim said, “I am busy. Do you need help? Wait here.”

Indirect:

Rahim said that he was busy and asked if I needed help. He told me to wait there.

3.

Direct:

The teacher said, “Work hard. Do not waste time. Can you understand?”

Indirect:

The teacher advised us to work hard and not to waste time. He asked if we could understand.

4.

Direct:

He said, “I am happy. Why are you sad? Come with me.”

Indirect:

He said that he was happy and asked why I was sad. He told me to go with him.

5.

Direct:

She said, “I am tired. Do you know him? Help me.”

Indirect:

She said that she was tired and asked if I knew him. She requested me to help her.

6.

Direct:

He said, “I will go. Where are you going? Stay here.”

Indirect:

He said that he would go and asked where I was going. He told me to stay there.

7.

Direct:

Father said, “Study regularly. Do not waste time. Will you obey me?”

Indirect:

Father advised me to study regularly and not to waste time. He asked if I would obey him.

8.

Direct:

He said, “I am ill. Why are you here? Call a doctor.”

Indirect:

He said that he was ill and asked why I was there. He told me to call a doctor.

9.

Direct:

She said, “I am late. Do you know the way? Show me.”

Indirect:

She said that she was late and asked if I knew the way. She told me to show her.

10.

Direct:

The boy said, “I am hungry. Can you give me food? Help me.”

Indirect:

The boy said that he was hungry and asked if I could give him food. He requested me to help him.

🔚 Final কথা

👉 এগুলো তুমি যদি ২-৩ বার practice করো, তাহলে

✔ Board exam

✔ Admission test

✔ Competitive exam

সব ভালো হবে ইনশাআল্লাহ।